Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Hydrogel-integrated osteogenic microtissues promote repair of infected intervertebral defects through sequential immunomodulation

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103657

Figure Lengend Snippet: Osteogenic response supported by hydrogel under conditional inflammatory environment of RAW264.7 macrophages. A, B) Schematic illustrations of the inflammatory culture systems established using conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages to evaluate osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs (A) and osteogenic bone microtissues (BO) (B) . C, E) Representative ALP)staining and quantitative analysis of ALP activity on day 7. D, F) Representative ARS staining and quantitative analysis of mineral deposition on day 14. G) Immunofluorescence staining of OCN and OPN in BO after the different treatments. H) Western blot of RUNX2 and OCN expression. I,J) Quantification of RUNX2 and OCN. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Osteogenic protein expression in bone microtissues was assessed by immunofluorescence staining for OCN (ABclonal, A6205, 1:200) and OPN (ABclonal, A23658, 1:200) and by western blotting for RUNX2(Abcam, ab192256,1:1000), OCN (ABclonal, A6205, 1:1000), and GAPDH (ABclonal, AC001, 1:10,000).

Techniques: Staining, Analysis, Activity Assay, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Skin-mimetic bilayer hydrogel normalizes diabetic wound healing by orchestrating inflammatory cell dynamics: An early intervention strategy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.025

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bilayer hydrogel orchestrates inflammatory cell dynamics during the early inflammation phase of diabetic wound healing. a Experimental timeline for assay of early neutrophil recruitment. b Immunohistochemical staining for Ly-6G in wounds at 8 h, 1 d and 3 d after injury. Diabetic wounds were treated with SP/IL-10@Bilayer, SP@Bilayer, IL-10@Bilayer, and saline solution (Model), respectively. Healthy mice treated with saline solution were set as Normal. c Quantitative analysis of Ly-6G + cells in each group. d Relative expression of CXCL-1 on day 1. e Relative expression of MCP-1 on day 1. f Experimental timeline for assay of M1 macrophage infiltration. g Immunofluorescence staining for iNOS in wounds on days 1, 3 and 6 after injury. h Quantitative analysis of iNOS + cells in each group. i-k Relative expressions of macrophage-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 on day 3. l Schematic illustrating the dynamic modulation of inflammatory cells during the early inflammation phase of diabetic wounds by SP/IL-10@Bilayer. All data were generated from at least three independent experiments and presented as the means ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA. # means significant difference compared to the normal group. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 and ###p < 0.001; ∗ means significant difference compared to the model group. ∗p < 0.05; & means significant difference compared to SP/IL-10@Bilayer. & p < 0.05 and && p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The infiltration of pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages and polarization of M2c macrophages were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining using antibodies against iNOS (Servicebio, GB11119) and CD163 (Servicebio, GB14027), respectively.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Saline, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Generated, Standard Deviation

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Skin-mimetic bilayer hydrogel normalizes diabetic wound healing by orchestrating inflammatory cell dynamics: An early intervention strategy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.025

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bilayer hydrogel modulates M2c macrophage polarization in the later healing phase of diabetic wound. a Experimental timeline for assay of M2c macrophage polarization. b Immunofluorescence staining for CD163 in wounds on days 3, 6, 9 and 12 after injury. c Quantitative analysis of CD163 + cells in each group. d-f Relative expression of MerTK, IL-10, and TGF-β1 on day 6. g Schematic illustration of M2c macrophage polarization regulated by SP/IL-10@Bilayer and its contribution to inflammation resolution. All data were generated from three independent experiments and presented as the means ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA. # means significant difference compared to the normal group. #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01; ∗ means significant difference compared to model group. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001; & means significant difference compared to SP/IL-10@Bilayer group. & p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The infiltration of pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages and polarization of M2c macrophages were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining using antibodies against iNOS (Servicebio, GB11119) and CD163 (Servicebio, GB14027), respectively.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Generated, Standard Deviation